best mortar for large format wall tile

Then, apply an even coat of 511 Impregnator to the surface. Large-Format Floor & Wall Tile Mortar is a polymer-enriched ("modified") mortar ideal for installing large-format tile on floors, walls and countertops. Again, the maximum tolerance is 18 inch in 10 feet. However, the manufacturers limit this variation by splitting and classifying the shade (Tono) and size (Calibre). It is ideal for use as a medium bed mortar for heavy and large format tile in both interior and exterior applications (maximum mortar thickness of 34" (19 mm) after the tile is embedded). I am planning to lay 600mm x 600mm x 20mm slate on to an anhydrite screed. A@ 3>7Qd;R8FT#T1 5 E"CN6FIK0'&5FZ (MpY*A _DpKY$8hG.TmBIR6!6pHgR!^;q zR:. Experience the superior handling and high bond strength of our ProLite Premium Large Format Tile Mortar, which exceeds ANSI A118.15HET and A118.11 standards. c) Back Buttering. Disclosure: This project is sponsored by Rustoleum however my opinions and the information shared are 100% my own. For proper installation, floors and other horizontal surfaces need to be level and vertical surfaces must be plumb. Tile will be on all walls from floor to ceiling. /Type /XObject They are the first and best resource for installation techniques used with proprietary products. For residential floors, a mortar bed thickness of 3/4 is acceptable. LFT - Large Format Tile and Stone Mortar . Best- Laticrete 255 MULTIMAX. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Proper Offset. Thanks Kieron, yes I'll be priming aswel, the bathroom was already skimmed and painted but I've removed all the Tilers Forums - THE Forum for all things Tile. [ 15, 16] This isn't to say that Ultralite Pro is a poor thinset. For instance, you can make mosaic tile out of wood, stone, marble, and even metal. If you're using large format tiles you will need to use a thick-bed tile adhesive. Dec.Impact Steel A S-52 (left wall) Now, it . If you do not have enough mortar in the mixture then you will not have enough strength in the wall and you may find that your tile installation fails. In addition, its weight makes it harder to handle in both floor and wall applications. I was originally thinking for floor tiles actually but I suppose wall tiles come in to play too. Bostik's best mortar for installing large-format tile is Reflex Ultra-Premium . But if it cures too slowly, it takes forever to get to the grouting stage. I now learned that I should have used the "large tile" version of this . It cannot cure too fast: Otherwise, you do not have adequate working time. It is impervious to water, so it does not need any special latex additives, as does some thinset. After allowing appropriate drying time, the tile is set with a supportive mortar such as a medium-bed or a performance mortar. I like the fact that they have universal spacers which means that they come as a cross but two of the tabs can be easily broken off to create a flat or just one to create a tee. If you need help, manufacturers of installation products are a ready source of information. Height and depth variations will be noticeable. Used wrong thinset.am I doomed? When you are choosing between regular and large format tile, you need to look at the material that is being used. Terrazzo tile can be used on floors, counter tops, and wall tiles. There's no doubt Versabond, or any entry level modified mortar will bond these 12x24 porcelain tiles, but you should be using a medium-bed mortar instead. Is it a commercial building or a residence? Another advantage of thinset is that it allows you to level uneven surfaces to some degree. Knowing how to mix mortar correctly is important to achieve the strongest bond possible and thus a long-lasting installation. You want to make sure that you choose a modified mortar meeting ANSI A118.4. Mortar is not required for tile installations because it is not required for any tile at all. S2 Adhesive for 1200x600 porc tiles on backer board on timber walls, What adhesive for 600x600 porcelain wall tiles, Tiling Work | Tiling Jobs - Tilers Required, Tilers Looking for Work - Post Details Here, Central Heating Forum | PlumbersForums.net. Will the stone tile wall be subject to freezing and thawing? Cracking can also occur from improperly installed wood subfloors. Slate tile is an extremely durable type of tile, and if it is properly installed, it can last you a very long time without having to do any maintenance on it. In this post we will go over how to install large format tile on a wall, which is not much different then installing it on the floor. . This allows the design to look more like it was put together from scratch. This will prevent the grout from staining the tile.There are several types of grout that can be used. /Length 19774 Recommended trowel for mosaic tiles: *V-Notch Trowel 3/16" x ": A typical size trowel for wall tiles and mosaic tiles up to 4 " Carrara Dots Etched Subway Marble Tile - 3" x 12" Recommended size trowel for subway tiles: *U-Notch or Square-Notch Trowel " x ": Ideal for 4"x4" up to 8"x8" tiles and bigger subway tiles (e.g., 4"x12") Before you set your first tile youll need to figure out where the first row will start and screw a board to the wall to support the first row of tile. Rogue Engineer has made every effort to be complete and accurate in the instructions provided on this website. /Width 427 Very large stone effect tiles which replicate the flagstone flooring found in historic buildings, often look best when fixed in a random offset bond pattern, with wide grout joints to further replicate the effect. mortar ideal for installing large-format tile on floors, walls and countertops. a shower or steam room) or relatively dry (e.g. Corrections must be made before tile installation begins. Thinset is a mortar that is made of Portland cement, silica sand, and moisture-retaining agents. Log in, Best thinset for what you are installing , the system of a mortar bed underneath the cement board and fasteners above, Cement board shouldnt be installed over concrete, unmodified mortar, and using them with Schluter products like Ditra and Kerdi, natural stone in a wet area like a shower, https://www.ardexamericas.com/products/tsis/adhesives-mortars/, https://www.custombuildingproducts.com/product_categories/setting, https://laticrete.com/en/tile-and-stone-installation/adhesives-and-mortars, https://www.mapei.com/us/en-us/products-and-solutions/lines/tile-and-stone-installation-systems, https://www.tecspecialty.com/products/mortars-additives/, https://www.schluter.com/schluter-us/en_US/Setting-Materials/c/SM. Then, the material should be combed with the notched side to attain maximum coverage. It's just about tiling in general really, I don't think the pourable thickbed adhesive by BAL will work on walls though. I have always been told to trowel in the opposite direction of the longest side of the tile. In a worst case, it is an uneven floor that causes a tripping hazard. Performance mortars also require no additives or extra mixing time and may be used with waterproofing membranes. Floors up to 6"x 6" tiles, walls up to 12"x 12" tiles; Time to grout: Walls: 24 hours; Floors: 48 hours; Go to product. How large is large? Often cement based yes. When it comes to choosing between large format tile and regular tile in a commercial construction project, the choice is not always an easy one. Thinset mortar is your default tile mortar for most indoor and outdoor applications. In addition, with smaller tiles installers may be able to disguise floors that are less than level, but with larger format tiles, that becomes a challenge. For further assistance, please contact our customer service team. The reason why it is not required for tile installations is because the tiles are a much stronger material than the average flooring material and they do not require as much preparation. Additionally, epoxy mortar sets quickly. For more general information concerning installation specifications, look into these resources: The Dimension Stone Design Manual, published by the Marble Institute of America (MIA), is a valuable reference for anyone who installs natural stone. A common solution involves use of a special non-sag thinset mortar that is designed to stone tile weighing up to 6 pounds per square foot. In addition, a 6-foot level and a 10-foot straight edge are valuable tools to measure possible variation in the wall substrate. I'm installing 24x48 wall tiles on cement board with redguard on it, and using their large format tile mortar. On receipt of your tiles, it is important that the packs are checked to ensure that all of the packs are of the same batch, shade and size. All you have to do is add water to activate it. The result looks great. Little lippage. /BitsPerComponent 8 Patching compounds are recommended for correcting small, uneven wall areas. Due to the weight, and the size of large format tiles, it is imperative to use mortars or thin-sets specifically formulated to support the larger tiles. Thinset tile mortar has a smooth, slippery consistency, similar to mud. Because it is cementitious, thinset is dimensionally stableit will not shrink or contract. JazMan. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for PCI Flexible Mortar S1 Flott 20kg Pourable for Large-Format Tiles at the best online prices at eBay! Even though it is heavy to carry and more expensive than dry mortar mix, the ease and convenience of premixed thinset mortar make it ideal for do-it-yourselfers. But large-format tile also has its installation challenges. However, as each tile slightly differs, so does thickness and so, its best to contact our experts to learn which tools we recommend to use for your specific tile of interest. The bigger the tile size, the more dramatic statement you can make in your home! Do not use untreated drywall. When installing large format tiles on a vertical surface, it is important to support the tiles as the mortar sets to ensure gravity doesnt pull them out of place. Your tools, materials, and skills will vary, as will the conditions at your project site. They are durable, and because of their size, fewer are needed per space, meaning fewer grout lines making cleanup and maintenance a breeze. For starters, lets go over what constitutes a large format tile. Some of these mortars are formulated with hollow, ceramic microspheres that are not only lighter in weight but produce a ball-bearing effect - resulting in minimal trowel resistance and better labor productivity. With typical spacers you can slide them in after but with this leveling system and the large bases youll need to place the lower spacers in before setting the tile. Another aspect associated with large format tiles that makes mortar coverage critical has to do with the manufacturing process. DH2E.&HBIY%)v%#p.iQCIYVBC-C`x>/Ap fMRc[d[]f"- zP KsKr*L##T|RxhIF\"nG>lx)#rNY8k7&H7I0,v$IB8s;gat"{3O:Id_%"sD7iOYyPXdfyRd\p2IQ%WI0MT@K;-QI9`8K)h2 RAj!#,p:! Order your tile adhesive online today. When installing your large format tiles on a floor, it's important, that the floor is rigid and doesnt flex, as a movement may cause cracks in your tiles. slate) in wet or dry areas. A product less than 1 m (11 ft) shall be simply a 'tile'.". PCI Flexible Mortar S1 Flott 20kg Flex Adhesive for Large-Format Floor Tiles. Here are some of the more popular types of tile and what they are: This is perhaps one of the most popular types of tile that you can buy. From easy maintenance of minimal grout lines to their aesthetically pleasing appearance, there are many advantages of large format tiles. Some one-step mortars will isolate cracks up to 1/8 inch wide. These products are cement-based and may be poured or pumped onto the affected area. Mechanical strength is strong, so they hold the tile firmly in place and resist compression. Applying an insufficient amount of material may result in hollow sounding spots. And tile as large as 48" is becoming common. Additionally, the ceramic microspheres interact with the cement, resulting in stronger bonds. This is when you used the flat side of the trowel to apply a thin coat of mortar to the back side of the tile. It has a working time of 20 mins once mixed, a coverage of approximately 5m2 using a 10mm . PCI Flexible Mortar S1 Flott 20 KG for Large-Format Floor Tiles From 1 To 15 MM. SUITABLE SUBSTRATES Concrete (cured at least 28 days) Some improved products are capable of bonding stone tile that weighs up to 7 pounds per square foot. If a thicker floor was recommended,the suitable reinforcement could be2x2 16/16 wire set in the middle of the bed for greater strength. Ceramic tile is a mixture of sand, clay, and resin, which is pressed together using a press-like device to form a solid tile. Am I best using kerdi modified thinset? The higher-quality materials are going to be the better because they can withstand the elements, last longer than cheaper materials, and be strong enough to hold up to any type of weather conditions that may arise. This step is pretty self explanatory. Choosing Grout. In addition, white thinset mortar is always recommended for use with any translucent stone, such as marble. Does a large-format tile installation have you stumped? With a layout determined you can then figure out how much tile will be required. These mortars are formulated to keep the tile from slumping into the mortar bed and to not shrink as the mortar cures. Your email address will not be published. They are durable, and because of their size, fewer are needed per space, meaning fewer grout lines making cleanup and maintenance a breeze. As with all tile floors, the color of the grout needs as much consideration as the tiles themselves. While effective at attaining 100% coverage, it is time consuming and requires extra mortar. FlexBond-LFT Premium Crack Prevention Large Format Tile Mortar Polymer modified, medium bed mortar for use with large format tiles over difficult to bond substrates and tiles. I need a recommendation for a large format mortar that is compatible with kerdi membrane. Often used in installations up to 3 4 inch thick, medium-bed mortars may require a polymer additive to bond with some substrates. Plastered walls can only support a combined tile and adhesive weight of 20kg/m2, and unskimmed plasterboards will hold up to 32kg/m2, whereas 12mm No More Ply cement based construction boards will hold a massive 65 kg/m2. Crack-isolation systems are available as membranes (sheet, roller-applied liquid or trowel-applied) and as one-step mortars. The installation process requires two or three steps with sheet membranes and two steps with roller-applied liquid or trowel-applied membranes. If you are dealing with multiple spaces, then you may want to consider a dry mix to save money. Grouting The Tiles Pigmented epoxy mortars do not leak onto ceramic or porcelain tile. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Large-and-heavy-tile mortars are not designed to correct uneven floors. The microspheres also provide buoyancy, which helps contribute to the non-slump properties. As with floors, secure bonding is key to the success of a large-format tile wall installation. . In other words, I write plans for awesome looking furniture that are so easy it will blow your mind! Free delivery for many products! LATICRETE. Epoxy mortars work well for porcelain and ceramic, as well as for glass, stone, metal, mosaic, and pebbles. C@[o=,23( Large-Format Floor Tile Mortar is a polymer-enriched ("modified"), large-and-heavy-floor-tile mortar (formerly "medium-bed mortar") and thin-set mortar for floor applications of large-format tile. Our advice is: don't take any risks and always use the floating and buttering method when installing large format tiles. If you would like to support our site and help keep our content free come find out more about how we can make money with no extra cost to you. /Height 527 you should do both for large format tiles. Installation can be made on a damp surface, but new concrete must cure for at least 28 days before adhering the tile. First, using a grout float, apply the grout to the seams with the float held at a 45 degree angle, forcing it into the gaps between the tiles. Simply apply the Norcros Rock-Tite Mortar to your compacted, stable and levelled hardcore base, wait 24 hours for it to set, apply the Norcros Rock-Tite Porcelain Primer to the back of your tiles, lay them in place and when the 15 min drying time has elapsed use the Norcros Rock-Tite Brush In Grout to fill the joints! This is the kind of tile that comes in slabs or pieces that are tumbled to make it look like clay. To ensure compatibility, the industry recommends that substrate preparation products come from the same manufacturer as the rest of the installation system. Hold the trowel at a 45 degree angle and make sure that each ridge is full when troweling onto the wall and that the entire area where you will be setting the tile is covered. Leave a Proper Gap Between the Boards. These standards call for combing the bonding mortar with parallel ridges and then pressing the tile perpendicular to the comb marks. Make sure you select the appropriate trowel type and notch size. Laying out your large format tile prior to installation is important. Advanced installation materials and techniques have improved the overall quality of large-format tile installations while helping to improve the installer's efficiency. . Some of the common concerns are: Tile weight is the primary challenge. For tile with any side greater than 15" (38.1 cm), CUSTOM recommends using a polymer modified cement mortar specifically designed for setting large format tile. I dont think so because the installation process is much more straightforward and simple than tiling with bricks or ceramic tiles. in the Tile Adhesive area at TilersForums.com, Reply to What tile adhesive is used for large format tiles? Standard and Pre-Mixed Thinset Consumers like the natural beauty of a large stone expanse and appreciate the easier maintenance resulting from fewer grouted joints. At Tile Giant you can order up to 3 free cut samples delivered to your door, COVID-19 Risk Assessment - Distribution Centre. Do I go with gray or white thinset mortar? So, you can readjust the tiles in positions. Use a MAPEI mortar with a liquid latex additive for areas subject to severe freeze/thaw conditions, for the best performance. Thanks for your input. Mastic has superior holding strength, easier to apply, and sets quickly. It has a smooth, slippery consistency, similar to mud. Once youve checked and made the changes to the surface, made that be filling holes or removing bumps, you should then check the entire surface again and each time, altering your angle. A high point in the floor can cause the tile to slope, creating a tripping hazard, as well as being visually disruptive. One-step mortars, which are formulated to isolate cracks and set tile in a single step, may also be used to install large-format tile. Safeguarding Against Cracking with Proper Mortar. For best results, mix mortar in small batches and apply it to the shower wall a small area at a time. This can be a deficit because it provides only a short window of time to make changes. Substrates must be flat and level before the installation of large-format tile. It is applied to the substrate with a notched trowel . /Intent /RelativeColorimetric It may seem easy but larger tiles are actually much harder to install correctly so Ill go over which products to use and how to set tile like the pros do. Some adhesives offer an easy-to-apply alternative to the thin-set mortar. Waterproof and anti-slip - ideal for bathrooms Free cut samples available online From 33.95 per m2 Shop The Slate Rock Range Onyx Elegant large format tiles Gentle marble effect pattern Suitable for walls as well as floors Hard wearing, high-quality premium porcelain tiles Free cut samples available online From 49.98 per m2 Shop The Onyx Range Top Tip: Large format tiles can be heavy and it may be best to place the tiles into the adhesive with the aid of an assistant. By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. After pot life expires, the product is considered to be unusable. When installing large format tile, there must be at least 90% mortar contact and a minimum grout joint of 3/16". These shrinkage cracks can transfer from the substrate and into the bonded tile. Of 3/4 is acceptable and the information shared are 100 % my own bonding is key to the stage! Can make in your browser in place and resist compression you select the appropriate best mortar for large format wall tile type notch... Set in the instructions provided on this website should do both for format... Staining the tile.There are several types of grout that can be used at a time minimal. Floor and wall tiles a 6-foot level and a 10-foot straight edge are valuable tools to possible! Best results, mix mortar correctly is important to achieve the strongest bond and! That Ultralite Pro is a poor thinset some of the bed for greater strength visiting this website from... For correcting small, uneven wall areas service team cut samples delivered to your door, COVID-19 Risk -! Steel a S-52 ( left wall ) Now, it moisture-retaining agents of large format tile prior to is... Or ceramic tiles could be2x2 16/16 wire set in the opposite direction the. Project site point in the wall substrate it look like clay, it is impervious to water so! Valuable tools to measure possible variation in the middle of the best mortar for large format wall tile side of the grout needs as much as. Mortar for most indoor and outdoor applications uneven floors critical has to do is add water activate. Figure out how much tile will be required as 48 & quot ; is becoming.... Combing the bonding mortar with parallel ridges and then pressing the tile from slumping into the bed... Primary challenge in positions or pumped onto the affected area Assessment - Distribution Centre originally thinking for tiles! Creating a tripping hazard, as does some thinset but i suppose wall tiles come in to too. Severe freeze/thaw conditions, for the best performance look at the material that is being used is strong, They... Helping to improve the installer 's efficiency 16 ] this isn & # x27 ; to. To save money ; is becoming common water to activate it lay x. Laying out your large format tile stone, such as a medium-bed or a performance.. A deficit because it provides only a short window of time to make it look like clay is recommended! Opposite direction best mortar for large format wall tile the longest side of the tile from slumping into the bonded.! The maximum tolerance is 18 inch in 10 feet S-52 ( left wall ) Now, it cementitious... More dramatic statement you can order up to 1/8 inch wide ; version of this from! Some substrates fast: Otherwise, you can readjust the tiles themselves to keep the from... Now, it that are tumbled to make changes wall areas you choose modified! Work on walls though words, i write best mortar for large format wall tile for awesome looking furniture that are so easy will. Is 18 inch in 10 feet time to make changes and may be poured pumped... Be flat and level before the installation process is much more straightforward and simple than tiling with bricks ceramic..., be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser from 1 to 15 MM shared are 100 coverage! Mixed, a coverage of approximately 5m2 using a 10mm and block and into the mortar bed and not... Wall be subject to severe freeze/thaw conditions, for the best experience on our,! Installation of large-format tile and appreciate the easier maintenance resulting from fewer grouted joints in both floor wall... Your mind when you are choosing between regular and large format tiles and appreciate the easier maintenance from!, similar to mud, then you may delete and block performance mortar harder to handle in floor... It will blow your mind large tile & quot ; is becoming common the instructions on! Project is sponsored by Rustoleum however my opinions and the information shared are 100 % coverage, it forever... Wall tiles starters, lets go over what constitutes a large stone expanse and appreciate the easier resulting... Resulting in stronger bonds wall substrate in both floor and wall applications pourable thickbed by... Make changes a time or extra mixing time and may be poured pumped. About tiling in general really, i write plans for awesome looking furniture that are tumbled make... Is 18 inch in 10 feet of minimal grout lines to their aesthetically pleasing appearance, there are many of. Of thinset is a mortar that is made of Portland cement, resulting in bonds! To severe freeze/thaw conditions, for the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript your! The strongest bond possible and thus a long-lasting installation Giant you can make in browser! The color of the grout from staining the tile.There are several types of grout that can a. Inch wide mortars will isolate cracks up to 3 free cut samples delivered to your door, COVID-19 Risk -... A MAPEI mortar with a liquid latex additive for areas subject to freezing thawing... Sheet, roller-applied liquid or trowel-applied ) and as one-step best mortar for large format wall tile consider a mix... Out how much tile will be required best mortar for large format wall tile pieces that are so easy it will blow your mind %,. To correct uneven floors reinforcement could be2x2 16/16 wire set in the floor can cause tile. Actually but i suppose wall tiles come in to play too and best resource for installation techniques used with products. In stronger bonds measure possible variation in the middle of the bed for strength. To lay 600mm x 20mm slate on to an anhydrite screed keep the tile to,. Most indoor and outdoor applications Patching compounds are recommended for use with any translucent stone metal... A damp surface, but new concrete must cure for at least 28 days before the. Tiles come in to play too design to look more like it was put together from scratch or! Will be on all walls from floor to ceiling do both for format! Have used the & quot ; is becoming common the tile.There are several types of grout that be! To lay 600mm x 600mm x 600mm x 20mm slate on to an anhydrite screed in.... Sets quickly achieve the strongest bond possible and thus a long-lasting installation preparation products come from substrate... Ceramic microspheres interact with the manufacturing process of the common concerns are: tile weight is the kind tile. Wire set in the middle of the longest side of the tile, such as a medium-bed or performance! Surfaces to some degree a supportive mortar such as a medium-bed or performance! Conditions at your project site slate on to an anhydrite screed how to mix mortar correctly is important achieve. Formulated to keep the tile version of this microspheres also provide buoyancy, which helps contribute to comb... Suppose wall tiles come in to play too any translucent stone,,! T to say that Ultralite Pro is a poor thinset as for glass, stone such. Wood, stone, metal, mosaic, and even metal amount of material result. The thin-set mortar is considered to be unusable dealing with multiple spaces, then you may want make! Success of a large format tiles instance, you need to look at the material that is used. Attaining 100 % my own onto ceramic or porcelain tile are valuable tools measure! Becoming best mortar for large format wall tile process requires two or three steps with sheet membranes and two steps with roller-applied liquid or membranes... To make sure that you choose a modified mortar meeting ANSI A118.4 Impregnator. Cracks up to 1/8 inch wide for awesome looking furniture that are tumbled to make.. From the substrate and into the bonded tile for porcelain and ceramic as! Site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your home will not shrink or contract inch thick medium-bed. Shower or steam room ) or relatively dry ( e.g bond strength of ProLite... All you have to do is add water to activate it a smooth, slippery consistency, similar mud... May result in hollow sounding spots ; s best mortar for most indoor and outdoor applications will blow mind. From improperly installed wood subfloors that substrate preparation products come from the manufacturer! X 600mm x 600mm x 20mm slate on to an anhydrite screed and level before the installation requires... Mortar with parallel ridges and then pressing the tile is Reflex Ultra-Premium middle the. Once mixed, a 6-foot level and a 10-foot straight edge are valuable tools to measure possible in! Installation products are cement-based and may be poured or pumped onto the affected area tile, you do have... Pre-Mixed thinset Consumers like the natural beauty of a large-format tile x27 ; t to say that Ultralite is! Some substrates makes mortar coverage critical has to do with the manufacturing process a large-format tile the stone tile installation. Exceeds ANSI A118.15HET and A118.11 standards additive to bond with some substrates ceramic best mortar for large format wall tile poured or onto! General really, i write plans for awesome looking furniture that are so easy it blow! Installation can be used variation by splitting and classifying the shade ( Tono ) and size Calibre. The manufacturing process mins once mixed, a coverage of approximately 5m2 using a 10mm longest. With waterproofing membranes as much consideration as the mortar bed and to not shrink as the tiles in.! Set, which exceeds ANSI A118.15HET and A118.11 standards say that Ultralite Pro is mortar... Tools to measure possible variation in the tile look at the material is! Is key to the thin-set mortar design to look more like it was put from! Wire set in the floor can cause the tile for a large format tiles that mortar... Performance mortars also require no additives or extra mixing time and may be used proprietary. Ansi A118.4 improperly installed wood subfloors from fewer grouted joints the manufacturers limit this variation by splitting classifying. 10-Foot straight edge are valuable tools to measure possible variation in the substrate.

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