Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. The best approaches maximize an organizations own internal bilingual resources and pull in professional language solutions when needed, while balancing budget and community considerations. If it is 4 m long and has an outer diameter of 50 mm, determine its required thickness so that it can support an axial load of P = 100 kN without buckling. Abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires. Ladder jacks are metal brackets installed on __________to hold ______________. Suspension scaffold hoists and non-walk-through stirrups may be used as end guardrails, if the space between the hoist or stirrup and the side guardrail or structure does not allow passage of an employee to the end of the scaffold. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Have cross-cleats securely nailed at regular intervals not exceeding 500 millimetres. It is also curious as to why once the defendant amended their policy during the course of the litigation, that the case did not settle. The employer shall have a competent person determine whether it is feasible or would pose a greater hazard to provide, and have employees use a safe means of . Previously, I have blogged that with respect to title II, the critical question is whether a person has meaningful access to the services, programs, activities of the public entity. ___________ are usually 2x4's installed flat on the top of the ceiling joists to stiffen and space the joists. Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. Where did this requirement come from? It doesnt say in the case that the plaintiffs admissions were from a deposition, but one has to assume that such was the case. Since the vertical distance between these two levels exceeds 2 feet (24 inches), then you must provide one of the means of access described in 1926.451 (e) (1). Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold used; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have a minimum rung length of 11 inches (29 cm); and. Doing so, can go a long way in showing the court that the defendant's policy ensures that meaningful access is granted to the person with a disability. [29 CFR 1926.451 (e) (1)] Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. With respect to title II of the ADA, when it comes to deciding whether a modification/accommodation to a public entitys service, program, or activities is reasonable, the question is whether the modification/accommodation results in meaningful access. FINAL EXAM Carpentry Study Guide Questions, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Capitulo 5 - Estratgia de Teste e Abordagem. This updated edition delves more deeply into the complex topics associated with disability claims. Ropes shall be replaced if any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part - Stairways and Ladders): Riser height shall be uniform, within inch, (0.6 cm) for each flight of stairs. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. This angle should land in the center of the hip rafter, to provide a nailing surface. Our account explicates the concept of "meaningful access" put forth in Alexander v. Choate but ever since applied in a way that has proved misleading. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. The regulatory text also is found in 29 CFR 1926, Subpart L, which is available from the Government Printing Office at (202) 512-1800; (202) 512-2250 fax - Order No. a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 For the situation you described, the deck inside the scaffold uprights provides the access point to the side-bracket platform. 1 Thus, peripheral nerve repair is a challenging scientific field with relevant clinical implications. The plaintiff admitted that the defendants policy as amended during the course of litigation would allow for her child to participate in the defendants programs. To convert fractions of an inch to a decimal equivalent, one must ____. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Dis, Custom: ATI Pediatrics Assignment #3 Sp23. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. Sand, gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be used as counterweights. Handrails, and toprails that serve as handrails, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling. In these situations, only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions is required. Must be braced every 10 feet. If there are no ceiling joists present, ________________ must be installed to the rafters to keep the exterior walls from spreading. Find the corresponding energy E of the particle. What Does Meaningful Access Really Mean?, the U.S. Department of Justices four-factor analysis, How language access enhances understanding, maximizes efficiency, and creates a more positive public image, S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. 2740 for a transformer turns ratio, NP:NSN_\text{P}:N_\text{S}NP:NS of 2.5:12.5:12.5:1. The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. Access Requirements Stairtowers (Scaffold Stairway/Towers) Each side of the scaffold stairway must have a stair rail that includes a toprail and a midrail. That the policy did not provide access to trained individuals capable of administering insulin injections, did not prevent the child from enjoying meaningful access to the defendants program. All suspension scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps, and similar devices, shall rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist (or at least 1.5 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater). Why then do we worry about high surface temperatures today? 1. LEXIS 168680 (M.D. The number of 12' ceiling joists located 16" oc needed for a 12'x32' shed is __________joists. The type of roof that has the fewest number of different-sized members is, The sloping structural member of a roof frame is a, The term used to represent the horizontal distance under a rafter is called, The unit run for common rafters is always. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope. Employers must provide access when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Roofing brackets, also known as ___________ may be used as part of the fall protection system when the pitch of a roof is more than 4/ 12. A defendant can go a long way towards becoming victorious in an ADA lawsuit by having a comprehensive policy based upon the best available scientific or medical evidence. This links below lead to examples of organizations successfully providing meaningful access to LEP communities. Roof brackets are usually required on a roof slope greater than ____ in ___. The line length of a hip rafter with a unit rise of 6 inches and a total run of 12 feet is _______ (Unit length for the hip on a 6:12 is 18"). On scaffolds where scaffold planks are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end shall rest on a separate support surface. a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be modified in order to intermix them unless a competent person determines the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. What Organizations Must Comply? This provision does not preclude the use of systems which are designed to function both as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. In addition to the normal operating brake, suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manually operated hoists shall have a braking device or locking pawl which engages automatically when a hoist makes either of the following uncontrolled movements: an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed. In particular, the policy provided that: the defendant would assist in monitoring the childs glucose levels; if the childs glucose level fell outside the target range, the defendant agreed to take action such as providing fast acting carbohydrates and contacting the plaintiff so that she could take her to a physician; in the case of more serious symptoms, calling paramedics to the scene; and providing glucagon injections in the event of an emergency. 3. What is the hip projection, in inches, if the actual common rafter projection is 6"? Yet life was abundant on planet Earth in the Mesozoic era. By: If ceiling joists are butted, the rafters must be staggered at the ridgeboard. Even without staff available to administer injections, the child was able to participate in and enjoy the defendants program to the same extent as any other participant except for rare occasions when the child might miss a single meal. 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Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surfaces. When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in the event one or both of the suspension ropes fail. Roof sheathing panels are installed so that their end joints are ____. Scaffolds 4 feet to 10 feet in height having a minimum horizontal dimension in either direction of less than 45 inches, shall have standard guardrails installed on all open sides and ends of the platform. a line on a rafter that will be vertical when the rafter is in position, the line on a rafter that will be horizontal when the rafter is in position, the notch where the rafter sits on the wall plate, the part of the rafter that projects out beyond the building line, the total vertical distance the roof rises from the top of the wall, the length of rafter necessary to cover one unit of run; the hypotenuse of the unit triangle, the length of a rafter measured from the seat cut to the ridge, the distance the roof rises vertically for every unit of run, the base of the unit triangle, 12" for all common rafters, the total horizontal distance under a rafter, usually half the span. Guardrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. EO 13166 requires organizations to assess the services they offer, determine which of those services may be needed by LEP persons, and then develop a system to provide "meaningful access" without unduly burdening the agency. Vertical lifelines, independent support lines, and suspension ropes shall not be attached to each other, nor shall they be attached to or use the same point of anchorage, nor shall they be attached to the same point on the scaffold or personal fall arrest system. According to OSHA, construction workers that have been on the job for less than one year account for _____ percent of all injuries resulting from falls. Each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports as follows: Each platform unit (e.g., scaffold plank, fabricated plank, fabricated deck, or fabricated platform) shall be installed so that the space between adjacent units and the space between the platform and the uprights is no more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide, except where the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary (for example, to fit around uprights when side brackets are used to extend the width of the platform). Since 1990, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an attorney and professorof which during his time as a. What is the line length of a common rafter that has a unit rise of 9" and a run of 10'? Ceiling joists can be supported by all of the following except __________. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than one (1) vertical in eight (8) horizontal, the ramp or walkway shall have cleats not more than fourteen (14) inches (35 cm) apart which are securely fastened to the planks to provide footing. 1. Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along its top edge of at least 100 pounds (445 n) for guardrail systems installed on single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds (890 n) for guardrail systems installed on all other scaffolds. 2. Suspension ropes shall be shielded from heat-producing processes. At all points of a scaffold where the platform changes direction, such as turning a corner, any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. The toprail of each stairrail system shall also be capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. If a load-bearing wall is not present and a flush ceiling is desired, a beam must be installed in the attic and the joists attached to the beam with joist hangers or a ledger. The top edge height of toprails or equivalent member on supported scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 shall be installed between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m) above the platform surface. 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