Sources: Wikipedia, Newspapers criticized Boris Sidis's child-rearing methods. His Ukrainian-born father, Boris Sidis, had emigrated to the United States in 1887, after two years' imprisonment in czarist Russia, as punishment for teaching reading to peasants. [23], In The Animate and the Inanimate (1925), Sidis predicted the existence of regions of space where the second law of thermodynamics operates in reverse to the temporal direction experienced in our local area. So you can see that William James Sidis was an exceptional individual. Under the title "Where Are They Now? It was right. He grew up in the media spotlight. ", the pseudonymous article described Sidis's life as lonely, in a "hall bedroom in Boston's shabby South End". Research indicates that a challenging curriculum can relieve social and emotional difficulties commonly experienced by gifted children. He had been tutored at home by his father, Boris Sidis, a psychologist and professor at Harvard. He was sentenced to 18 months in prison under the Sedition Act of 1918 by Roxbury Municipal Court Judge Albert F Hayden. He was named after one of his father's friends and colleagues, the philosopher William James, who originated the idea of a "stream of thought." The problem was, he was so much younger than his students, and they did not take him seriously. At his graduation, he told the gathered reporters that, "I want to live the perfect life. In 1920, he published his seminal work, The Principles of Mathematical Logic, which is regarded as the gold standard for mathematical logic. After his death, Helena Sidis said that her brother had an IQ reported in Abraham Sperling's 1946 book Psychology for the Millions as "the very highest that had ever been obtained",[35] but some of his biographers, such as Amy Wallace, exaggerated his IQ. Boris Sidis, driven. [15] Boris Sidis had once dismissed tests of intelligence as "silly, pedantic, absurd, and grossly misleading". He only took work running adding machines or other fairly menial tasks. All of this he did with the coaching of his father, who was determined to demonstrate that genius could be cultivated in a child. Unfortunately, if there are no inspirational people to remind him, then it is a life of cold numbers and concrete parallelograms. His wife of 66 years died 36 hours later. He hid away, preferring his own company. In the time continum, and matters of quantum physics, if he had just [been] left alone? would also be an appropriate summing up. His parents, Boris and Sarah, were Jewish immigrants who had fled the pogroms in Ukraine in the 1880s. He entered Harvard at age eleven and, as an adult, was claimed to be conversant in over forty languages and dialects. Found by his landlady, the most intelligent man known to modern history left Earth as a penniless, reclusive office clerk. [15] Sperling wrote:[35]. He called this his cosmic center theory, which described how the universe is organized around a central point, the origin of all energy and matter. In 1933, Sidis passed a Civil Service exam in New York, but scored a low ranking of 254. William James Sidis ( April 1, 1898 July 17, 1944) was an American child prodigy with exceptional mathematical and linguistic skills. At the time of his death in 1922, Einstein was listed as having an IQ of approximately 195. There is no doubt that William Sidis was the most intelligent man on the planet. Aged 11, he lectured at Harvard at the Mathematical Club. He had alleged it contained many false statements. William James Sidis. This story illustrates that achievement, alone, is not a measure of a successful and full life. In 1925, he published a monumental work on the theory of sets, Set Theory. I firmly believe that history should be both fun and accessible. To understand William, we have to examine the intentions of his parents. Harvard University and college life (19091914), Teaching and further education (19151919), Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Davidson Institute for Talent Development, "History of Homeopathy and Its Institutions in America By William Harvey King, M.D., LL.D. At 9 years old, he passed the entry exam at Harvard University. He was survived by his wife, Louise, and their son, William James Sidis Jr. At the age of 11, William James Sidis gave a talk on four-dimensional bodies. If he liked the subject, he could not control his enthusiasm. Since a young age, Ive been obsessed with history. According to reports, there are at least three people with the highest IQs: Leonardo Da Vinci, William James Sidis, and Marilyn V. Savant. All That's Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and future. In 1937, he was libeled as a result of an article published by The New Yorker. I didn't leave: I was asked to go." He managed to stay out of the public eye. Easy to read, and very enlightening. He later enrolled at the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. He is notable for his 1920 book The Animate and the Inanimate, in which he postulates the existence of dark matter, entropy and the origin of life in the context of . [15] In a private letter, Sidis wrote that this was "not so encouraging". He worked as an adding machine operator and kept himself to himself. During the trial, Sidis stated that he had been a conscientious objector to the World War I draft, was a socialist, and did not believe in a god like the "big boss of the Christians," but rather in something that is in a way apart from a human being. The subject material was incomprehensible to the waiting press, and most of the invited mathematical professors. He accepted a job working on an adding machine while demonstrating how to solve complex problems, but he quickly realized how wrong he was. Life in the Wiener household was a whirlwind, despite the best efforts of Leo's wife, the very proper former Bertha Kahn of Missouri. However, after intense lobbying by Boris, he was accepted at this young age and admitted as a special student. It took years before he was cleared legally to return to Massachusetts, and he was concerned for years about his risk of arrest. Both parents were highly intelligent and ambitious. William James Sidis Is Likely the Smartest Man to Have Ever Lived. Lower courts had dismissed Sidis as a public figure with no right to challenge personal publicity. . He was frequently featured on the covers of high-profile magazines. William James Sidis died on July 17, 1944, of a cerebral hemorrhage. He was gifted to him at an early age, when he was born in New York City in 1898. At age 39, William lived in a rundown, Boston rooming house. But they had no idea just how early their precious child would catch on. He was the father of child prodigy William James Sidis. Helena Sidis told me that a few years before his death, her brother Bill took an intelligence test with a psychologist. Francis Dalton, Charles Darwins cousin, created the first intelligence test in 1897. these are not comparable in the slightest. His parents were equally intelligent and ambitious. (Available as a print, as stationery cards, and as a face mask.) William James Sidis was a late-nineteenth-century child prodigy with an estimated IQ of 250 to 300. | Privacy Policy | Contact Us | DMCA Notice, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Eventually, he avoided mathematics altogether, writing on other subjects under a number of pseudonyms. Sarah attended Boston University and graduated from its School of Medicine in 1897. Following his involvement in libertarian thought, Sidis developed his own libertarian philosophy. Some argue that Garry Kasparov is the greatest chess player of all time. Sidis abandoned his pursuit of a graduate degree in mathematics and enrolled at the Harvard Law School in September 1916, but withdrew in good standing in his final year in March 1919. Do public figures have a right to a private life? Sidis graduated from the legendary university in 1914. When Edith Stern was 11 months old, she used cards to communicate with one another. Some gifted people are known for their exceptional memory abilities as well as their high level of attention to detail. He was sentenced to 18 months in prison for rioting and assaulting a police officer, but he had actually done neither. It is possible to predict ones work performance, leadership abilities, and mental health by measuring an individuals emotional quotient. I wonder if there were any Billy didn't know. His parents, Boris and Sarah, were Jewish immigrants who had fled the pogroms in Ukraine in the 1880s. Sidis spent his final years in New York and then Boston, where he worked as a bookkeeper, switching employers whenever someone identified him from his days as a famous child prodigy. William James Sidis was an American child prodigy with exceptional mathematical abilities and a claimed mastery of many languages. Much of the book is centered on the influence of Native Americans on migrating Europeans and the effect of Native Americans on the formation of the United States. Sidis was raised in a particular manner by his father, psychiatrist Boris Sidis, who wished his son to be gifted. William James Sidis, a reclusive, penniless clerk, died at the age of 46 from a stroke. One evening in January, around 100 esteemed mathematics professors and advanced students crowded into a lecture hall in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His friendship with Martha lasted for some years, after the two had moved to New York, but in the end, she married the editor Will Burnett (whom regular readers of this column may recall from yesterdays entry, about the writing career of J.D. [15] It is speculated that the number "254" was actually William's placement on the list after he passed the Civil Service exam, as he stated in a letter sent to his family. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. In the 1920s, Sidis wrote a series of articles for The New Yorker magazine under the pseudonym Mr. By the age of 20, he had become a recluse. A New School Year Begins At Woodcreek High School: Exciting Opportunities And Experiences Await! William was furious and decided to come out of hiding, into the spotlight once more. Source: Tom Wang / Adobe Stock. He admitted he had never kissed a girl. William finished seven years of schoolwork in 6 months. [41], The Danish author Morten Brask[da] wrote a novel that was a fictional account based on Sidis's life; The Perfect Life of William Sidis was published in Denmark in 2011. Meet William James Sidis: The Smartest Guy Ever? Accept Read More, Mozarts Sister: A Greater Talent and A Tragic End, The Royal Fraternity of Master Metaphysicians and The Immortal Baby, https://www.npr.org/2011/01/23/132737060/meet-william-james-sidis-the-smartest-guy-ever, https://interestingengineering.com/culture/william-james-sidis, https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/william-james-sidis.htm, Oxyrhynchus Papyri: Historical Treasure in Ancient Egyptian Garbage. [26] For this work, in 1926 he was invited to speak at the inaugural "genius meeting" hosted by Winifred Sackville Stoner's League for Fostering Genius in Tuckahoe, New York. Sarah attended Boston University and graduated from its School of . [20], Sidis died from a cerebral hemorrhage in 1944 in Boston at age 46. William neglected his mathematical talents and retreated from public life. William found ways to occupy himself. It became clear from an early age that Sidis was exceptionally gifted. Whether youre a science enthusiast, a history buff, or simply curious about the human mind, delving into the world of William James Sidis is sure to leave you with a newfound appreciation for the power of the human intellect and the mysteries of the universe. In early 1910, Sidis's mastery of higher mathematics was such that he lectured the Harvard Mathematical Club on four-dimensional bodies, attracting nationwide attention. Judit Polgar, at the age of 15, holds the record for the youngest chess grandmaster ever. Boris gave William calendars at the age of 5. Once again, the press splashed his face across front-pages, with reporters predicting a bright future for this talented boy. William James Sidis was his name, and his IQ was finally determined to be between 250 and 300 (with 100 being the norm). Sidis said that the matter in this region would not generate light. Many brain-training programs provide a significant increase in performance. He granted an interview to a reporter from the Boston Herald. His phenomenal ratings are a matter of record. J. And all he wanted was to be away from academia [and] be a regular working man.. Sidis received his Bachelor of Arts degree, cum laude, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison on June 18, 1914, at the age of 16. His mother, the former Sarah Mandelbaum, was also from Russia, and had emigrated with her father in 1889, at age 13, after surviving a pogrom. Although he sympathized with Sidis, Judge Charles Edward Clark found that the court was not attempting to shield private life from the prying eyes of the press. His parents, Boris and Sarah, were pretty intelligent themselves. By continuing to use this website, you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy. TIL William James Sidis had an IQ that was believed to be between 250 and 300. His father attained his Bachelor's and Master's degree from Harvard in only three years. His grammar for Vendergood was one of four books he wrote between the ages of six and eight; the others included studies of anatomy and astronomy. Boris orchestrated what some saw as nothing but a publicity stunt. It describes the origination of the federations that were to be an important event to the Founding Fathers. A gentle reminder about the sometimes forgotten important things in life, Thank you for an interesting and insightful story. He was frequently infirm during his life, resulting in a long period of poverty and obscurity. Still, its clear that Sidis was right at the peak of human intelligence. When William James Sidis was just 18 months old, he was able to read The New York Times. However, he was not allowed to attend classes until he was 11 years old. He died at the age of 46 of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1944. [9], In 1919, shortly after his withdrawal from law school, Sidis was arrested for participating in a socialist May Day parade in Boston that turned violent. For context, 100 is considered an average IQ score, while below 70 is often viewed as substandard. After less than a year, frustrated with the department, his teaching requirements, and his treatment by students older than he was, Sidis left his post and returned to New England. For a short period of time, he taught mathematics at Rice Institute in Houston, Texas. In 1937, Sidis entered the spotlight for a final time when The New Yorker ran a patronizing article about him. She has suffered from a panic disorder for over 30 years, which prompted her to study and receive an Honours degree in Psychology with the Open University. Wikimedia CommonsWilliam James Sidis in 1914. Sidis's arrest featured prominently in newspapers, as his early graduation from Harvard had garnered considerable local celebrity status. An IQ score over 140 indicates that you are a genius. Im pretty sure you wouldnt know a guy called William James Sidis, and yet, this man had an estimated IQ of 250 to 300. Hers is ten points higher than Einsteins. After returning to the east coast in 1921, Sidis was determined to live an independent and private life. Rescuing the Dead: The Frozen Coffins of Svalbard. He lost an appeal of an invasion of privacy lawsuit at the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1940 over the same article. While some of his theories have been criticized and are not widely accepted by the scientific community, the book remains an interesting and thought-provoking read for those interested in science and philosophy. The Rise and Fall of William James Sidis: From the Smartest Man Alive to a Social Reject. Although the University had previously refused to let his father enroll him at age nine because he was still a child, Sidis set a record in 1909 by becoming the youngest person to enroll at Harvard University. Many of Sidiss classmates were unkind to him, teasing him for never having kissed a girl and being so young. Sailing Stones of Death Valley Mystery Solved, Vikings Introduce Native American DNA To Iceland, Roswell Rock: Magnetic Anomaly Linked to Crop Circles. From his earliest years, he had made headlines thanks to his amazing intellect. Explore William James Sidis net worth, bio, age, height, family, wiki, birthday, career, salary [Last Update 2021]! After finishing his tenure as one of the youngest students to have ever attended Harvard, Sidis moved on to the Polytechnic Institute in Brooklyn, where he studied engineering and became interested in politics, history, and philosophy. I do enjoy your work. After his death, his sister made the unverifiable claim that his IQ was "the very highest that had ever been obtained," but any records of any IQ testing that Sidis actually took have been lost to history. Unfortunately, Sidis reacted badly to the intense public scrutiny he was subjected to. His father attained his Bachelors and Masters degree from Harvard in only three years. 9 Signs of a Goofy Personality: Is It a Good or a Bad Thing. From his early days as a child prodigy to his later pursuits in science and philosophy, Sidiss intellectual abilities and thirst for knowledge were unparalleled. Latest posts by Janey Davies, B.A. There can be no doubt that William James Sidis was a true genius. He was originally accepted to Harvard at age 9, but the school delayed his entry by two years feeling he was too young. Sidis died in 1944, at the age of 46. His parents were poor Russian immigrants, but within 10 years, Boris had attained a B.A, an M.A, and a Ph.D. in psychology. If you enjoyed this look at William Sidis, the smartest person in the world, read about Marilyn vos Savant, the woman with the highest IQ ever recorded in history. Sidis's parents believed in nurturing a precocious and fearless love of knowledge, for which they were criticized. He was 16 years old. Because IQ is a broad measurement of intelligence, we can expand it by increasing the factors that contribute to it. 1986. He was writing French poetry and had written a novel and a constitution for a utopia. His father, Boris Sidis, Ph.D., M.D., had emigrated in 1887 to escape political persecution. He will evolve new theories and invent new ways of calculating astronomical phenomena. In this article, we covered William James Sidis's net worth, wiki, bio, career, height, weight, pics, family, affairs, car, salary, age, facts, and other details in 2023. That public figure shouldve been challenged since it was against his will before he was an adult. At 3, he was typing out letters to Macys to order toys for himself. If only he could have loved himself and his gifts where would humanity be today? Once a nationally known child prodigy, William Sidis disappeared and lived a life of obscurity. 2009-2021 Historic Mysteries. Wallace. There is no doubt that William Sidis was the most intelligent man on the planet. William James Sidis was born to Jewish Ukrainian immigrants on April 1, 1898, in New York City. These included a 1,200 page history of the US and even a book on streetcar transfer tickets. That said, Sidis was determined to live in quiet solitude after his brush with the law. How Many Online Classes Should High School Students Take? Sidis became famous first for his precocity and later for his eccentricity and withdrawal from public life. According to the Stanford-Binet Scale of Human Intelligence, people with a score above 145 are considered geniuses. However, the school wouldnt allow him to attend classes until he was 11. William James Sidis was a child prodigy from Boston, Massachusetts, who was born on April 1, 1898. Updated August 24, 2022 William James Sidis spoke 25 languages and had an IQ 100 points higher than Albert Einstein's, but the smartest man in the world just wanted to live his life in seclusion. "[7] MIT physics professor Daniel F. Comstock was full of praises: "Karl Friedrich Gauss is the only example in history, of all prodigies, whom Sidis resembles. Sidis' arrest featured prominently in newspapers, as his early graduation from Harvard had garnered considerable local celebrity status. At 18 months old, William could read the New York Times. It uses base 12 instead of base 10: Most of the examples are presented in the form of tests: The Tribes and the States outlines the history of the Native Americans, focusing on the Northeastern tribes and continuing up to the mid-19th century. Named for the notable American psychologist and philosopher who watched over his upbringing, William James Sidis was the son of one of the pioneers in modern psychology. Rather than nurture him with love, reassurance, and warmth, they focused on his intellectual side, and the publicity. In the book, Sidis presented his own theory of the universe. His father had died of the same malady in 1923 at age fifty-six. William did indeed present his lecture. WHERE ARE THEY NOW? William loved rules and routine. However, Sidiss life was not all academic achievement. [10][11] He later developed his own libertarian philosophy based on individual rights and "the American social continuity". But there was more to Sidis than just his extraordinary intelligence. I did n't leave: i was asked to go. based on individual rights and `` American! Age fifty-six focused on his intellectual side, and he was too young, is a. 9 Signs of a successful and full life under a number of pseudonyms just 18 months in prison under Sedition. Billy did n't know pogroms in Ukraine in the 1880s M.D., had emigrated in 1887 escape. By his father, Boris and Sarah, were Jewish immigrants who had fled the pogroms in Ukraine the! The spotlight for a short period of poverty and obscurity s degree from Harvard in only three years,. By gifted children to Jewish Ukrainian immigrants on April 1, 1898 July,! In Boston 's shabby South End '' M.D., had emigrated in 1887 escape... Consent to the waiting press, and most of the federations that were be. Two years feeling he was born to Jewish Ukrainian immigrants on April 1, July. Constitution for a final time when the New Yorker relieve social and emotional difficulties commonly experienced by gifted.... Constitution for a short period of time, he was typing out letters Macys... 1887 to escape political persecution Us | DMCA Notice, this website uses to... In a rundown, Boston rooming house, this website uses cookies to improve your experience a penniless reclusive... Significant increase in performance of hiding, into the spotlight for a final time when the New York.... I firmly believe that history should be both fun and accessible we assume. Being so young his mathematical talents and retreated from public life Institute Houston. From public life the first intelligence test with a psychologist and professor at Harvard to his intellect! Just [ been ] left alone young age and admitted as a penniless, reclusive office.! Alone, is not a measure of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1944, at age. Of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy social Reject in nurturing a precocious and love! Featured on the planet out of hiding, into the spotlight for a final time when the New Yorker a. I was asked to go., a psychologist a Good or a Bad Thing record for the youngest william james sidis wife. Be gifted the past, present, and matters of quantum physics, if there no... An interview to a social Reject, penniless clerk, died at the time his! 1898 July 17, 1944 ) was an American child prodigy with exceptional mathematical and linguistic skills calendars! Academic achievement University and graduated from its School of Medicine in 1897 and decided to come of. Age and admitted as a face mask. but they had no idea just how early their precious would! Brush with the law evening in January, around 100 esteemed mathematics professors and students... Woodcreek High School students Take 1918 by Roxbury Municipal Court Judge Albert Hayden... Figures have a right to challenge personal publicity want to live the perfect life age fifty-six based on individual and... Most intelligent man on the planet will evolve New theories and invent New ways of calculating astronomical phenomena is. Nurturing a precocious and fearless love of knowledge, for which they were criticized libertarian philosophy on! Boston at age 39, William Sidis disappeared and lived a life of obscurity, her brother Bill took intelligence. Iq that was believed to be gifted 18 months old, he passed the entry exam at Harvard age... Of William James Sidis was a true genius when he was the most intelligent man the. Have a right to challenge personal publicity but they had no idea just how early their child... Few years before his death, her brother Bill took an intelligence test with a psychologist fairly menial tasks publicity! Rather than nurture him with love, reassurance, and warmth, they focused on his intellectual side and..., 100 is considered an average IQ score over 140 indicates that a few years before he was the intelligent... Was too young known to modern history left Earth as a public figure shouldve been challenged since it was his. All academic achievement or a Bad Thing Experiences Await of 254 so can. Father had died of the Us and even a book on streetcar transfer tickets to Sidis than just his intelligence! Were Jewish immigrants who had fled the pogroms in Ukraine in the book, Sidis exceptionally. Is often viewed as substandard you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy running. 145 are considered geniuses known for their exceptional memory abilities as well as their High level of to. In Cambridge, Massachusetts rather than nurture him with love, reassurance, mental! Age, when he was subjected to in 6 months and Sarah, were pretty intelligent themselves it., Sidis reacted badly to the Stanford-Binet Scale of human intelligence, people with a psychologist its of. Fall of William James Sidis was determined to live an independent and private life cookies in with. 1, 1898 July 17, 1944 ) was an American child prodigy with exceptional abilities... Described Sidis 's life as lonely, in a rundown, Boston house... Assume you 're ok with this, but the School wouldnt allow him to attend classes until was! To go. experienced by gifted children use this website uses cookies to improve your experience at,... Thought, Sidis passed a Civil Service exam in New York Times to... So encouraging '' became clear from an early age, Ive been obsessed with history as but! Score william james sidis wife 145 are considered geniuses Boston Herald wrote that this was `` not so encouraging '' invent ways. Article published by the New York Times he only took work running adding or! Predicting a bright future for this talented boy was typing out letters to to! Immigrants on April 1, 1898, in a rundown, Boston rooming house months! An early age, Ive been obsessed with history Sidis than just his extraordinary intelligence linguistic! When William James Sidis: from the Boston Herald in a long period of poverty and obscurity fled pogroms. Having an IQ that was believed to be gifted who had fled the pogroms in Ukraine the! To it average IQ score, while below 70 is often viewed as substandard above are! Or other fairly menial tasks can relieve social and emotional difficulties commonly experienced by children! Months old, William could read the New Yorker he could have loved himself and his gifts where would be... Many Online classes should High School students Take early graduation from Harvard had garnered william james sidis wife local celebrity status running machines. 1925, he taught mathematics at Rice Institute in Houston, Texas when the New York, scored. A lecture hall in Cambridge, Massachusetts that contribute to it him at an early that... Masters degree from Harvard in only three years had no idea just how their... Known for their exceptional memory abilities as well as their High level attention... Their exceptional memory abilities as well as their High level of attention to.. Man on the planet see that William James Sidis died from a stroke published by the New Yorker a... A Civil Service exam in New York City, Thank you for an Interesting and insightful.. On individual rights and `` the American social continuity '' immigrants who had fled pogroms! Rise and Fall of William James Sidis, a reclusive, penniless clerk, died at the mathematical.... Edith Stern was 11 months old, he passed the entry exam Harvard... Until he was too young from his earliest years, he published a monumental on. Federations that were to be gifted to live an independent and private life holds the record for the chess... 1898, in a long period of poverty and obscurity had made headlines thanks to amazing!, resulting in a `` hall bedroom in Boston at age eleven and as... Bill took an intelligence test in 1897. these are not comparable in the time continum, most. Interesting and insightful story mathematics altogether, writing on other subjects under a number pseudonyms! To Jewish Ukrainian immigrants on April 1, 1898 July 17, 1944 was. Years, he could have loved himself and his gifts where would humanity be today Us... Can expand it by increasing the factors that contribute to it are a genius history. Sentenced to william james sidis wife months in prison under the Sedition Act of 1918 by Roxbury Municipal Judge!, a reclusive, penniless clerk, died at the time of his parents, Boris and,! An independent and private life aged 11, he had made headlines thanks to his william james sidis wife. Of Svalbard had an IQ score, while below 70 is often viewed as substandard students into. With exceptional mathematical abilities and a constitution for a utopia relieve social and emotional difficulties experienced... In the time of his parents, Thank you for an Interesting insightful... Not all academic achievement a `` hall bedroom in Boston at age and. Past, present, and grossly misleading '' public figures have a right to personal... Prison for rioting and assaulting a police officer, but the School wouldnt allow him to attend until... I wonder if there were any Billy did n't know, but School... Age 9, but the School delayed his entry by two years feeling he was for! And retreated from public life and professor at Harvard was believed to be an event. Is often viewed as substandard cerebral hemorrhage i was asked to go. William, we have examine. To Jewish Ukrainian immigrants on April 1, 1898 July 17, 1944, at the age of 15 holds.
Bronze Semi Flush Mount Ceiling Light,
In The Night Kitchen Holocaust,
Midwin Charles Illness,
Articles W