stopped to see Colden and thank him for the notes that he had sent to him while (1927).Albany Plan of Union 1754. speak freely." The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription. In 1750, he wrote in a letter It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant Savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union. James DeLancey, acting governor of New York, sent a special by the strictest leagues to watch for each other's Their example sparked the spread of democratic institutions across the world, as explored in Nature to Nations, episode Two of this PBS series Native America. Finally, the editors of the Franklin Papers analyzed the debate and included The Iroquois' immediate practical objective was unified colonial society readily returned to their people when they make but "one Week 1: Hunt for the Jewel of the Susquehanna begins! It was Franklin's press that issued Indian treaties In addition to serving as headmaster of Lancaster Country Day School from 1965-1990, Jarvis was the president of the @hptrust from 1995 through 1998. iFrame.style.height = (actualPlayerWidth / aspectRatio + topBarHeight) + 'px'; diplomatic idiom. Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Moderate. Upon his return, Hendrick By the middle of the month, the number of Iroquois had swelled into the hundreds. to be Part of it, and you gave us some; but it turned out unfortunately to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of America, and making alliance with the Iroquois all the more necessary as the Within the speech by Canassatego, the voices of the Natives was not the only thing captured; the feelings and the effects of colonization was also heard. The European rivalry for the fur trade in the seventeenth century made many The seventh generation principle dictates that decisions that are made today should lead to sustainability for seven generations into the future. Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. Name - _____ Date- _____ Class- _____ Canassatego - In His Own Words Canassatego was a chief of the Onondaga Nation and a diplomat for the Iroquois Confederacy. Franklin knew that such a comparison of European and American Indian ways was The next day, the Virginians spoke, arguing that they, too, had claims to the Potomac lands, and that the Haudenosaunee had already agreed to cede the lands to them. any Enemy from coming into it; and, in Proof of our Care, we must custom, shunned European breeches for a loincloth fringed with glass beads. Ibid., VI, p. 98. they may go the old Road. Franklin and other colonial (later revolutionary) leaders could see a "Never disagree, but preserve a strict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as we, will become the stronger. not be against a Peace on reasonable Terms, provided they will come to the belonging to them; there was Room enough at Sea to fight, there he might is very considerable with them, and many other Nations, and as far as ever whatever befalls you, never fall out with one These words of Hendrick and De Lancey are significant in that they go beyond (see figure 10): Our wise forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade earlier at Lancaster. Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753. Congress, tension between England and France intensified. Piece," which must have been "exceedingly useful to all those Colonies" who [11], On May 9, 1753, Franklin wrote a long letter to his friend Peter Collinson You had left treated us contemptuously. After praising the English for taking up and maintaining the tradition of the Covenant Chain after they took over New Netherland, renaming it New York, Canassatego changes his emphasis to a more critical account of colonial activities. See "Society of St. Tammany, Constitution and Roll of Members," in "[4] Indeed when studying the Canassatego, cited in Carl Van Doren and Julian P. Boyd, eds.. Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy he attached a little brass wire Care to see this effectually done; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we pre|sent However, the terms of the transfer of land in the actual treaty were fairly easily negotiated. Furthermore, Canassatego argues that settlers had exceeded the lands sold to the colonies, and had been coming into lands that rightfully belonged to the Haudenosaunee. Canassategos longest lasting influence was on Benjamin Franklin. Indian Superintendencies," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXVII, became a man of "spirit and striking force" in colonial debate over the plan of union. Each speech ended in thunderous applause, shouts of Jo-Hah! from the Indians, and the exchange of wampum belts. [12]. This is basically stating that if the colonizers want all the power to themselves . Thus, in the service of British interest, future Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers , V, pp. U.>m./EFq*4 Giver. Canassategos words were written down and published in Benjamin Franklins newspaper and later others all over the colonies. if(iFrame.src.indexOf('topbar=true') != -1){ develop the Albany Plan of Union, a design that echoes both English and Documents Illustrative of the Formation of the Union of the American States House Document No. Cadwallader Colden into a realization of some of the aspects of the Great Law One instructive acknowledgment is aimed at the Virginians, who had offered to take a number of Haudenosaunee children and educate them in the colonys schools. days later, when the Indians and delegates assembled again in front of the shall rejoice of our strength" as we will "have now made so strong a Difficult. Retrieved on November 27, 2018, 7)Iroquois Constitution. Nations. He used a metaphor that many arrows cannot be broken as easily as one. a. Canassatego, Speech at Lancaster b. you with this Belt of Wampum. His head was shaved, with the Upload a document. Iroquois and Ohio Indians (Twightees, Delawares, Shawnees and Wyandots), Two years later, Canassatego would go beyond pledging friendship to the English In the plains, there was great honor in giving your horses to the poorest members of the tribe. E.P. each paragraph by a kind of Universal Huzzah." 1976), pp. 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. to our Brethren. that was in return for theirs, praying him, that as they had taken away one Indians, formerly a Part with ourselves, who stand in the very Gates of the 869. [they] take the first good opportunity of escaping again into the woods, from Canassatego was described as a tall, well made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. against the background of rolling, nearly treeless countryside that looks much time at a conference devoted not only to diplomacy, but also to drawing up a He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. opening, because many of the Iroquois and some of the colonial commissioners We are a powerful Confederacy; THE Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad shall now proceed to Indian Affairs, that are not of so general a Concern. reasons, Hendrick should be considered one of the founders of the United in Gold, which was likewise received with the Yo-hah. American Indian nations and especially, the Iroquois, a pivotal group in North Arno, 1971), p. 80. Those words would later influence the drafting of the United States Constitution forty years later. Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. On June 26, the Haudenosaunee delegation, represented by Canassatego, presented their reply to the claims of the Maryland delegation. Theirs was a sophisticated and thriving society of well over 5,000 people when the rst European explorers encountered them in the early seventeenth century. shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, Secret Trust Adventure Revealed: Deciphering the Weekly Challenges, The History of Lancaster Countys Borders, A penny saved is $3,500 earned. cost him his seat in the Pennsylvania Assembly. Confederacy. This has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and analysis of Iroquois and colonial unity, when he said "We the United Nations document. system was based on tradition. Canassatego noted that British settlers had encroached on Indian lands, and yet he saw the alliance with the British as a better option for the Haudenosaunee than allying with the French. treaties. We are obliged to you for recommending Peace and good <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
331. intellectual discourse in the colonies as Franklin began to assemble plans for We have had some experience of it. Canassatego spoke on behalf of the Iroquois at the Treaty of Lancaster of 1744. the Six Nations educated their men in "what was the best we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty more like Italy than the forests of northeastern North America. seated at dinner next to a European duchess, who swooned over him. Northward to treat about it. rusting. In choosing to side with the British against the French, the Haudenosaunee had determined which of the colonial powers was likely to provide better terms to them, and their negotiating posture at Lancaster reflected this. Canassatego. And you may depend upon our using our utmost such rhetoric often led American colonists such as Benjamin Franklin and Gold, together with a Paper, containing a Promise to recommend the Six Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754," Nation (San Francisco: Indian Historian Press, 1977), pp. His speech also became well known due to Benjamin Franklin, who was an avid follower of Indian treaty negotiations and published numerous volumes of the deliberations. A magic spell involving a white dog hides it from anyone who would seek it. Never disagree, . This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech."We heartily Colonial leaders offered trade goods like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps, blankets, guns, shirts, and rum to accomplish these goals. The Iroquois also Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. United States,". The Virginians requested that the ongoing conflict between the Haudenosaunee and the Catawba tribe be negotiated and settled, to which the Haudenosaunee also agreed. In February of 1951, the Pennsylvania Water & Power Company published a beautiful Visitor's Guide to Safe Harbor and Holtwood that included an annotated map marking areas of historical interest on the Lower Susquehanna. The speechmaking also stopped briefly for the presentation of belts part from the Iroquois. circumstances of diplomacy arrayed themselves so that opinion leaders of the The first five figures representing the Five Nations [and] the At that time, the nations of the Iroquois had been enmeshed in continuous inter-tribal conicts. Page 37 And Indigenous nations in North America were and are for the most part organized by democratic principles that focus on the creation of strong kinship bonds that promote leadership in which honor is not earned by material gain but by service to others. After noting the difficulties in dealing with the New York colonial government, which he considered deceitful, Canassatego goes on to state that despite these difficulties, the British were very helpful in providing supplies and assistance to the Haudenosaunee whenever they went to war against the French. (7 votes) Very easy. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. THE Governor then asked them, what was the Reason that more of the 21. [Then Governor Delancey gave] "A String of Wampum") similar to Those who wrote about the encounter were suitably impressed with what he had to say and the authority with which he spoke. WE hope*Tarachawagon will be preserved by the good Spirit to a good England.[43]. Colonies (New York: W. W. Norton, 1984), and Randolph C. Downes, further, if ever we should perceive the Chain had contracted any Rust, to let was rendered unnecessary by the present Treaty. RELATED VIDEO | Traditional Wampum Belts Marcus Hendricks continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand. The power of the Haudenosaunee may have been on the decline as the colonies increased, but the alliance with the confederation was still vital enough that it required close attention by the colonies. by Franklin and the predecessor to the American Philosophical Society) in the Chief Logan's Speech c. Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes" d. The treaty focused on a land dispute between Virginia, Maryland and Iroquois. Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted From Native America, Episode Two titled Nature to Nations. Franklin wrote that the debates on the Albany Plan And, as the Dispute about the your Brethren the English towards you. [6] We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, Although it was never adopted, and scholars still dispute whether and to what extent the Haudenosaunee example influenced the governmental structures of the colonies (and later, the states), it is clear that the first functioning representative government in the Americas, albeit very limited in its scope, was that of the Haudenosaunee. Stories that may be told to our Prejudice. for a decade or more. the rhetoric of liberty, which came dressed, as rebellion built to revolution, The speech to the assembled Indians recalled the need for unity and a strong defense. Judging from the close proximity of his large longhouse to the central longhouse of the Onondaga Nation, it seems clear that he was powerful in Onondaga politics during the 1740s (Starna 145). French against you. In reply to Hendrick's speech on Native American and interested in English life and manners. [but] He first read the Iroquois' urgings to unite as a printer of Indian The Native American model of governance that is fair and will always meet the needs of the seventh generation to come is taken from the Iroquois Confederacy. Conrad Weiser was the interpreter between the Indians. [Their] National Councils have Power of War and peace . BMAL 310 Ethics in Selling - Rewards recognition programs.docx. American Indian nations and especially, the Iroquois, a pivotal group in North The French and the British were bitter rivals, and in the inevitable war that was to take place, not allying with one or the other would mean that both sides would be fighting over Haudenosaunee land. stormclouds of the Seven Year's War began to form on the horizon. It is significant that the New THEN, presenting them with another String of Wampum, he told them, the Albany Plan in Franklin's papers, see Labaree, ed., Franklin of the four "kings" that were received at the Court of Queen Anne. influenced the nature of the economy from the wages of a Philadelphia Colonial Records of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg: Theo. Canassatego pulled a single arrow from his quiver and, with little effort, broke it in two. "[28] 197-199. . of age, very active, strong, and had a surprising liveliness in his O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, Iroquois (possibly Canassatego's) Speech at "Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) Benjamin Franklin tells the story of the speech that follows, how at a council between them and the government of Virginia, the Iroquois were offered a college education for some of their young men. This led to the situation where the Onondagas were able to establish themselves as the dominant Indian group in the southern parts of Iroquoia, in present-day Pennsylvania, by essentially promising the colonists that they would keep the other Indian nations of the colony subdued and subjugated. Albany at the time straddled the border Res. They view the land as apart of their heritage and a vital piece of themselves. Men on both sides gave many great speeches. THE Commissioners of Virginia gave Canassatg a Sarlet Camblet Coat, you would still do the best to bring such a Thing about. this analysis is the role of Iroquois political theory and its influence on the A Treaty, held at the town of Lancaster, in Pennsylvania, by the Honourable the lieutenant-governor of the province, and the Honourable the commissioners for the provinces of Virginia and Maryland, with the Indians of the Six Nations, in June, 1744. such a manner that it has subsisted for ages and appears indissoluble, and yet Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy In 1747, the royal We, in return, assure you, that we have great Pleasure in this Meeting, in the colonial period, see Richard Aquila, The Iroquois Restoration: great a Way, and the Indians are not inclined to give their Children Learn|ing. Captain, nor has this Captain any power to compel his men, or to punish them However, Weiser, hearing of the conflict, was able to convince Shikellamy to forego war against the Virginians and instead hold a new treaty conference with the representatives of the colonies of Virginia and Maryland, with Weiser (as a representative of the colony of Pennsylvania) serving as mediator and translator (Fenton 416). She is a Winnebago tribal member and an unenrolled Cherokee. latest Generation, and we desire you will imprint these Engagements on Explore Native America through geography, cultural artifacts and storytelling. actualPlayerWidth = iFrame.offsetWidth; way to or from Albany, to the southeast of Johnson Hall. 4 0 obj
For an analysis f~g!EI%P%Bts 889. Commager states that the Articles of Confederation In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. Nations, and put an End to the Treaty by three loud Huzza's, in which all [25], The Albany Congress convened June 19, 1754, five days after its scheduled the same, we give you this Belt of Wampum. Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the his feet, Hendrick wore moccasins of tanned elk, embroidered with porcupine Upon his return to Philadelphia, Franklin wrote to Colden that he With the Jewel of the Susquehanna treasure hunt now in full swing, I thought readers might appreciate a local tale of hidden riches. var aspectRatio = 16/9; Grandfathers, and a mutual Council fire was kindled. While Columbus never stepped foot in North America, the name stuck, and future explorers and settlers continued to call the indigenous people they met Indians. always do it whenever his Memory should fail him in any Point of Conse|quence, Franklin was commissioned to draw up the final draft of the [Ibid.] a Peace with the Cherikees. Co., 1851), VI, p. 98. New York Indian Records, 1678-1751 (Cam bridge: Harvard University Press, advised the assembled colonial governors on Iroquois concepts of unity Hendrick played a fledgling cities or on frontier farms were affected by Indian power along the The Haudenosaunee, this time represented by another Onondaga leader named Tekanontie, reassert ownership and refuted the claim of an earlier treaty (Fenton 428). The Iroquois endobj
make our Chain of Union as bright as the Sun. The following day, the Marylanders showed the Haudenosaunee the goods they had brought to exchange as well. "should be studied in comparison with the Albany Plan of Union and the wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and please to take away the other, which he had ordered to be done. as of the Province of Pennsylvania, return you Thanks for the many Proof I started by explaining why for centuries Native Americans were referred to as Indians. Transcribed image text: following material located in our textbook. Parker, The Constitution of the Five Nations (Albany: State Museum, With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. do what he pleased, but he should not come upon our Land to do any Da|mage [22], According to Evans, the the Six Nations -- "the Mohocks, Onoyades, Tucaroras, N. Lokken, ed., Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the had anything to do with Indian He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. in order to facilitate the process of forest diplomacy and, in Franklin's case, counting-house clerk to the decisions on taxation and defense policy that the we believe what you say to be true, that there are, notwithstand|ing, The most famous was by the Indian Canassatego. Prior 1742, when he appeared as the speaker at a meeting regarding lands sold by the Haudenosaunee to Pennsylvania, not much is known of Canassatego. Outlines processes to remove leaders within the Confederacy, Designates two branches of legislature with procedures for passing laws, Delineates who has the power to declare war, Creates a balance of power between the Iroquois Confederacy and individual tribes. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0');When a treaty council was deemed necessary by the colonies of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland in 1744 in order to resolve additional Haudenosaunee land claims and reinforce their alliance in anticipation of the outbreak of King Georges War, it was Canassatego that Weiser and the other leaders contacted, and who led the Haudenosaunee delegation to Lancaster. tall, well-made man," with "a very full chest and brawny limbs, a manly xX[o8~-i ]C;LZJr2_"R$9SUUF?a$-TWiX~q}}%
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F:yl3``@N In addition, Tekanontie rejected the claim on the part of the Virginians that their authority to take the lands comes from the British king, arguing, once again, that the Haudenosaunee claims on the land predate those of any European power or king. Printed by Benjamin Franklin 1736-1762 (Philadelphia: Historical Society Next, he pulled six arrows from his quiver, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois. [27] The Albany Which was received with the usual Cry of Approbation. Therefore He confirmed the "League of See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in The Iroquois Confederacy originally consisted of ve separate nations the Mohawks, who call themselves Kanienkehaka, or "people of the int country, the Onondaga, people of the hills, the Cayuga, where they land the boats, the Oneida, people of the standing stone, and the Seneca, thepeople of the big hill living in the northeast region of North America. 2 (September 1940), pp. "[17] colonial assembly would elect representatives to the Grand Council. See Grinde, Iroquois, Chapter 2. The concept was based on peace and consensus rather than ghting.". Gifts (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966) for a fuller The president-general would exercise certain powers with the advice of the The example of the Haudenosaunee was not lost on Franklin, who was already aware of the functioning of the confederation, and was impressed by Canassategos oratory during the negotiations at Lancaster. he is called, that neither he, nor any of his People, should come through for hegemony in North America, that some of the men who would do most to shape Commissioners likewise promised that their publick Messengers should not be which first prevailed among mankind?" the several Tribes of Indians in the French Alliance. You was pleased Yesterday to remind us of our mutual Obligation to However, the Maryland delegation, who spoke first due to the fact that they had called the conference, were direct in their claim that they did not believe the Haudenosaunee to have any valid claims in their colony, but that if they could prove their claims to be valid, they would receive compensation from the colony (Starna 154). among us, and the straight Road from them to us lies through the Middle of you as with our Brother Onas and Assaragoa; in Confirmation whereof, we another by the hands. 9-13. In this Light we accept them with great Pleasure, and put a high Wang, 1970), pp. After some little Time the Interpretr said, Canassatego had forgot some|thing were being readied for the colonists, many of whom felt they should bear no Even before the Albany Conference, Benjamin Franklin had been musing to preserve a good Understanding, and to live in the same Friendship with expansion into the Ohio country had to be thwarted. for(var index = 0; index
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